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4 Analysis, Findings and Results
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4.1 Results from Steady State Analysis
The models for the steady state and load flow analyses reflect the planning status in 2008 for both synchronous areas. The results of the steady state load flow calculations are:
- The parties applied different methodologies and models for the load flow analyses in their particular synchronous areas depending on the variance in the planning and operational criteria. The calculations revealed that in most cases, the admissible power flows in the IPS/UPS are significantly higher than those limits identified in the UCTE.
- As the main load flow paths across the interface run through the Ukraine, the load flow distribution is very sensitive to the generation pattern in Ukraine and its direct Western neighbours.
- In most cases, the power transmission is limited due to the internal congested sections in each synchronous zone. Short distance power transfers between the systems in the interface zone reached a secure power transfer in the East West direction of about 1000 to 3000 MW. The calculated West-East transfer is limited to 1000 MW.
- The simulations clearly proved that in the synchronously coupled system structure, the capacities for long distance power transmissions are rather limited. In about 50% of the simulated long distance transmissions (e.g. Russia – Germany or Russia – Italy) the transferable capacity across the interface was less than the mandatory transfer capacity for the provision of control reserve. In order to guarantee system security in the UCTE after a synchronous coupling to the IPS/UPS, the UCTE grid must be improved or the present available capacity for the market in the UCTE needs to be reduced. A long-term analysis of market developments needs to be initially carried out in view of the requirement for a realistic allocation of the investments involved.
- The limited inter-system transfer capacities within the UCTE are caused by a high utilisation of the UCTE transmission systems. The available inter-system transfer capacities in the UCTE are also further reduced by the priority for renewable (wind) generation.
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